Turbocharging is all about air density more molecules of air in a given space. Pressurizing the air mean more molecules can be crammed in and, when the temperature is low, the molecules are smaller, so more can be crammed in. But compressing the air in the turbo increases its temperature, as does the heat from the exhaust gas up to 8000 degrees C in the nearby make the air charge more dense, the air is piped to the intercooler at the front of the vehicle.
Cool fresh air flowing across the intercooler reduces the temperature and increases the density of the charge air before it is piped back to the engine manifold.
The result is good low speed torque, efficient high load performance, and accurate boost control throughout the load, speed range. Nozzle are controlled by a mechanical modulator or a vacuum actuator, via the engine management system.
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